IT projects risks, success and failures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IT projects risks, success and failures - Essay Example According to Lindquist (2005), to avoid this, Cox Communications did employee empowerment first. They did this by training them on how the system is used to increase ease of adaptability. They also monitored the whole process by drafting an implementation chart which gave timelines on implementation schedule. This helped it have a successful software addition which improved its data handling capabilities. Ford Motor Company decided to replace their old purchasing and procurement systems with a new system. This was to manage their huge transactions; it was also set to provide financial analysis tools which could provide real time results. It was christened the â€Å"Everest† project and was to move supply systems to an internet based model, powered by Oracle as the service providers. This program later has proven to be a costly and involved redistribution of IT staff who were sent to the outlets to upgrade the systems. The company had not fully appreciated the software because the project team gave no clear directions on implementation schedules. Luck has no place in determining success on projects initiated by companies or individuals. What it takes is an adoption of a working formula that ensures the various implementation steps are followed. The first activity done in such kind of a project is needs assessment which looks into the risk factors while at the same time assessing the pros and cons associated with the new system. The management then delegates duties to employees based on areas of competence.

Success is about hard work and not luck Essay Example for Free

Success is about hard work and not luck Essay This is the case of 74 year old male patient heavy smoker (2 packs per day) presenting to the floor of MGH for the above chief complaints. History goes back to 15 days when the patient noticed 3 successive episodes of blood with urination at morning, one hour apart, painless ,of large amount, complete stream ,also the patient recorded that he saw 2 pieces of clots after voiding at noon of same day .then the color of urine was back to normal as the patient said. there’s associated nocturia, urgency, and drippling of one month duration .also weight loss of 15 kg within 3Â  months.NO burning sensation , no pain ,no dysuria, no fever ,no flank pain,no back pain, no nausea no vomiting, no constipation ,no other system involved symptoms. The patient was admitted to MGH for further investigations. PMH : DM 25 years ago HTN 10 years ago CAD 10 years ago Medications: concor 5 mg one at morning aspicot 100 mg OD Lipitor 20 mg OD glucophage 750 mg PO BID amaryl 4 mg PO daily tritase 10 mg PO daily PSH: CABG, hemorroidectomy , left herniectomy, right hip fixation by plates and screws(duration unknown by the patient). Family history: Mother(DM,HTN,CAD) Allergy : No known drug or food allergy. Physical examination: General examination: The patient is conscious, cooperative, oriented, pale, sitting, thin , cachectic ,having foley catheter.(seen 2 days postop) Vital Signs: RR: 24/min Pulse: 64/min Temp.: 37.4 C BP: 160/90 mmhg. HEENT : pallor, no cyanosis, no jaundice, no ecchymosis, no mouth ulcers , bad oral hygiene Decreased visual acuity (presbiopia) ,arcus senilis ,diplopia No tinnitus, no vertigo (Dix hallpike test not done) Chest ex:good bilateral air entry. No rub, no crepitations, no wheezes. cardiac ex: Regular S1S2 with no murmurs. Abdomen ex: 1. Inspection: non distended symmetrical abdomen No visible pulsation or peristalsis No localized bulge Male pattern of hair distribution Umbilicus is slightly shifted downwards, no discharge No full flanks Normal subcostal angle No spider angiomas No visible veins No scars, or scaling red colored urine(in the foley’s bag) but the urine is clear due to irrigation of bladder 2.Auscultation: audible bowel sounds, no renal artery bruit 3.Palpation: soft non tender abdomen, warm, no palpable masses, Lower border of liver is not felt, upper border at 5th ICS along the MCL Spleen is not palpable Both kidneys are not palpable , no CVA tenderness. no suprapubic pain. 4.Percussion:tympanitic urinary bladder 5.DRE: not done 6.Genitalia examination: not done Lower limbs :positive pedal pulses no lower limb edema, no redness no bruises no muscular atrophy. Differential diagnosis: 1- bladder cancer 2- BPH 3- Prostatitis 4- Urolithiasis 5- Prostate cancer incidental or advanced. Investigations : Labs : CBCD, BUN, Creatinine ,electrolytes, CRP, HBA1C,FBS,LDL,HDL,triglyceride PT ,PTT ,PSA, urine analysis and culture. Imaging : CT urography(uroscan),cystoscope and urine cytology. What was done at the hospital : Item Minumum Maximum Value pre op Hemoglobin Urine analysis : normal Ultrasound of pelvis : no post residue voiding ,small thick wall, prostate is enlarged measuring 39 grams Management : Control the glucose level preop TURBT TURP to relieve obstruction with biopsy of prostate Send the samples to pathology and wait the results. If the tumor did not invade the detrusor muscle it’s superficial and managed according to grading and depth (Ta low grade TUPBT only ,T1 low grade or Ta high grade TURBT + intravesicle injection of chemotherapy , T1 high grade TUPBT and relook after 1 month) if invade the detrusor muscle : T2 = metastatic workup CT abdomen ,chest , and bone scan.then remove the bladder and do urinary divergence by neobladder or ileostomy(conduit).

Features of Business Management and Organization

Features of Business Management and Organization Business Environment Individual 1.0 Introduction to organization 1.1 What is an organization? Managers are the ones who operate in organization. Organization is an individual or group of people that collaborate to achieve certain commercial goals that its members would be unable to reach by themselves. Every organization have a management structure that determines relationships between the different activities and the  members, and subdivides and  assigns  roles,  responsibilities, and  authority  to carry out different  tasks. Organizations are open systems in that they affect and are affected by the environment beyond their boundaries. So according to that organization should have following features. Vision A statement of what a company wishes to accomplish in the course of its operations. It is a declaration of a companys goals for the midterm or long-term future E.g.:- Apple Corporation’s Vision- To make a contribution to the world by making tools for  the mind that advance humankind. Mission A statement of the purpose of a  company,  organization  or  person, its  reason for existing. E.g.:- Unilever’s mission- â€Å"To add Vitality to life. We meet everyday needs for nutrition; hygiene and personal care with brands that help people look good, feel good and get more out of life.† Objectives A specific  result  that a  person  or  organization  aims  to  achieve  within a  time frame with available  resources. E.g.:- Unilever objective is to increase their profit by 35% end of the year 2014 Goals An observable and measurable  end result  having one or more  objectives  to be achieved within a more or less fixed timeframe. E.g.:- Unilever goal for 2020 To improve health and well-being, reduce environmental impact and source 100% of our agricultural raw materials sustainably and enhance the livelihoods of people across our value chain. Values Value statements define the organization’s basic philosophy, principles and ideals . they also set the ethical tone for the institution. 1.2 Organisation categories There are various ways to categories the organizations. We can divide organizations in to three types as characteristics, legal form and by size (Figure 01). (Figure 01- Organization Categories) Sole Trader A business owned by one person is a sole proprietorship. In a sole proprietorship, the owner invests capitol, makes all decisions, and receives all profits. Owners in a sole trader however may have more difficulty than larger organizations obtaining loans. More significantly, sole traders are personally liable for their debts if their businesses fail. A purpose of a Sole Trader is to provide a service for a client and charge for that service. Partnership Partnership is the relation between the persons who have agreed to share the profits of a business carried on by all or any of them acting for all or a business owned by two or more people also can be a partnership. The partners share the responsibility for financing, operating and managing the business. Usually profits are divided in proportion to the amount of money that each partner has invested in the business. Private limited company Private companies main objective is maximize the profit; these organizations are owned by shareholders by buying company shares, there can be minimally one shareholder and maximally fifty shareholders in the company. Profit and loss will be shared between shareholders at the company general meeting. The company should be named their company name along with (PVT) Ltd term. 2.0 Stakeholders of an organization The persons and organizations that have an interest in the strategy of the organization are called stakeholders. Stakeholders normally include shareholders, customers, staff and the local community. (Figure 02- Stakeholders) 2.1 Stakeholders of the D-MAC Bookshop 2.3 Stakeholder Analysis What is stakeholder analysis? Stakeholder analysis is methodology of systematically gathering and analyzing qualitative information to determine whose interests should be taken in to account when developing and /or implementing a policy or program. And this can be done by using the stakeholder mapping. Stakeholder mapping 2.4 Identifying the key stakeholders of D-MAC Bookshop Managers High salaries Profit maximization Bonuses Job security Status and growth of the business Employees High pay Job security Pleasing the customers Promotion prospects Job satisfaction and motivation Customers Safe and reliable products Value for money Innovation Product availability Customer service Suppliers A long term relationship with the firm Prompt payment Frequent and regular orders Large size and value of contracts Growth of the business Competitors To compete by all lawful means To differentiate its products Keeping up with innovation If an organization has to achieve the goals and objectives with efficiently and effectively, first of all the organization have to fulfill the objectives of stakeholders. So organization has to do something to achieve it. Those as follows, Employees Speak to them respectfully Make attract full remuneration packages By giving bonus and other allowances By introducing medical and entertainment allowance Providing job securities Customers By providing quality products. Providing products regularly. By giving truthful information about their products. By giving discounts and gifts. Providing other customer services. Government By paying taxes other payment correctly And provide some helps to government sector 3.0 Responsibilities of an organization 4.0 Economic systems â€Å"Economic system is an organized way in which a state or nation allocates its resources and apportions goods and services in the national community† a world in which all humans wants are instantly fulfilled is hard to imagine. Productive resources are limited while human wants are unlimited. Scarcity occurs] because human wants exceed the amounts of production possible with the limited time and resources that are available. Because of the scarcity every country needs a system to determine how to use its recourses productively. There three basic questions that needs to solve by any economic system. Three basic economic problems-: What to produce? –what kinds of goods and services should be produced How to produce? –what productive resources are used to produce goods and services For whom to produce? –who gets to have the goods and services The way a society answers these questions determines its economic system. There are tree economic systems. Command Economy Free Market Economy Mixed Economy 4.1 Command or planned Economy Economic system in which the government largely decides what goods and services will be produced, who will get them and how the economy will grow. Where the means of production are stake controlled and the allocation of resources are managed by centralization. What to produce? – The goods and services produced in a command economy are those which the governments choose to produce to produces. How to produce? – The government chooses the method of production it can direct resources including labor, to whatever activity it chooses Whom to produce? The output of economy is distributed in what the government sees fit. E.g.: it may try to distribute goods and services equally in order to minimize inequality. 4.2 Free Market Economy Economic system in which decisions about what to produce and in what quantities are decided by the market, that is , by buyers and sellers negotiating prices for goods and services. Where the competitive interaction of many producers and consumers without any intervention of by government, provide the forces of demand and supply which allocate resources through the price mechanism. What to produce? – Generally there is an economic incentive for the firm to choose to produce the most profitable goods and services and these will be those which are in higher demand. How to produce? There is an incentive for firm to choose the production method which is the least costly and therefore is the most profitable. Whom to produce? – The people who get the goods and services produced in a free market are those who are will and able to pay the price for them. 4.3 Mixed Economy Economic system in which allocation of resources is made by the market and some by the government. Where resources are allocated by a mixture of free markets and government intervention. Simply in such a type economic there is the presence of private economic freedom and centralized planning with a common goal of avoiding the problems associated with both economic systems. 5.0 Government of UK Economy of UK changes every year. According PWC publication in United Kingdom their economy has grown high in the past year and they are expecting to keep that growth in 2014 as well. The government of UK controls the economy in different ways. Firstly through a legal standard issuing by parliament that creates new laws. Another way is through arrangement of subsidies that create goods and services for people. And thirdly through taxation. 5.1 UK Government Policies Every government have their own aims and objectives to carry out their economic system. mains objectives in UK government are increase the economic growth, to maintain full employment, to stabilize exchange rates, control the inflation and to improve the standard of living of people in the country. To achieve these main objectives the government uses two main strategies. Fiscal policy Monetary policy 5.2 Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy is the use of government spending and tax policies to stimulate or contract macroeconomics activity. This includes taxation and how government adjusts its expenditure. fiscal policy changes in the taxing and spending of the federal government for purpose of expanding or contacting the level of aggregate demand. 5.3 Monetary Policy The actions central bank, currency board or other regulatory committee that determine the size and rate of growth of the money supply and interest rates. This includes interest rates and credit controls. 5.4 The impact of Fiscal and Monetary policy on business organizations In United Kingdom monetary policy is controlled by the Bank Of England. According to Bank of England monetary policy called as monetary stability. Monetary stability means stable prices and confidence in the currency. Stable prices are defined by the government’s inflation target, which the bank seeks to meet through the decisions delegated to the monetary policy committee, explaining those decisions transparently and implementing them effectively in the money markets. In England fiscal policy is called as financial stability. Financial stability entails detecting and reducing threats to the financial system as a whole. This is pursued through the bank’s financial and other operations, including lender of last resort, oversight of key infrastructure and the surveillance and policy roles delegated to the financial policy committee. In UK mostly fiscal policy and monitory policies have an influence on organizations. By fiscal policy government is influencing organization by receiving tax. E.g.:- income tax, vat, BTT, By monitory policy the central bank will increase the interest rate for the deposits, then government will get more and more money, then they will increase the interest rate for loans, then organizations will not going to barrow loans from the bank likewise government influence the organizations, and some of social responsibility also will influence an organization. 6.0 Types of Market Structures Market structure is used to describe the number of buyers and sellers operating in a market. The extent to which the market is concentrated in the hands of a small numbers of buyers and/or sellers and the degree of collusion or competition between buyers and/or sellers. We can identify four types of market structures 1) Perfect Competition Perfect competition is a market structure where competition is at its greatest possible level. There are large number of buyers and sellers, and none begin influence prices. 2) Monopoly- a firm that is the lone producer of a good for which there are no close substitutes. 3) Oligopoly – are industries dominated by a few firms whose decisions are strategically linked; barriers to entry tend to be significant 4) Monopolistic Competition requires easy entry and exit in to industries in which many potential suppliers compete vigorously with makers of close, but not perfect substitute for their â€Å"brand- name† products According to the above information following table can be describe the types of market structure. Perfect Competition Monopoly Oligopoly Monopolistic Competition No. of Firms infinite one many few Product Type Homogeneous Unique Homogeneous or Differentiate Differentiate Freedom of Entry Unrestricted Restricted or blocked Restricted unrestricted Control over Price None Total Significant Some Size of Firms Small Large Small Very large Profit Normal Economic profit. Short long run Losses to normal economic in short long run Economic in short run normal over long run Implications For demand curve Horizontal (price taker) Downward sloping more inelastic than oligopoly Downward sloping relatively inelastic Downward sloping but relatively elastic Possible consumer demand Highly elastic Highly inelastic Inelastic Elastic 6.1 Pricing and output decisions of market structures Generic office supplies, most agricultural and few relatively homogeneous goods are produced by Perfect Competitive markets. Each buyer or seller is too insignificant to single handedly affect the total demand or supply of the goods. There acting as price takers in this market they have no choice but to accept the price set in the market. The demand is perfectly elastic in perfect competition. The producer tires to sell goods for a high price he won’t be able to sell because other competitors also selling for the same price. The demand curve of monopoly market slops down; prices will be inversely related to quantity demanded. Any firm with market power must lower its price to sell more if it can charge only one price at time. Market power is a firm’s ability to alter the price of its output because of inadequate competition or a lack of perfect substitutes for its products.

The Holocaust Essay example -- History, Jewish Community

Through the course of history, the Jewish people have been mistreated, condemned, robbed, even put to death because of their religion. In the Middle Ages, they were forced to wear symbols on their clothing, identifying them as Jews. The dates 1933 to 1945 marked the period of the deadly Holocaust in which many atrocities were committed against the Jewish people and minority groups not of Aryan descent. Six million innocent Jews were exterminated because of Hitler’s â€Å"Final Solution.† This paper will exhibit how Adolf Hitler used the three anti-Jewish policies written in history, conversion, expulsion, and annihilation to his advantage. In the fourth century when the Christian church gained power in Rome, the Jews considered the Christians as a Jewish sect early on. Soon their beloved Talmud was being burned because they would not accept the Christian doctrine. By the sixteenth century, the Jews were given an ultimatum, to convert to the Christian faith, which was part of the first anti-Jewish policy or face expulsion. The second anti-Jewish policy was expulsion. This policy was still used when the National Socialist rose to power in 1933 (Bartov,O., 2000). After Germany surrendered in 1918, Adolf Hitler was in the hospital recovering from mustard gas poisoning. He felt the deep humiliation of and for the German Reich, and it was then the hatred and bitterness towards the people he felt were responsible began. In 1919, Hitler wrote his first and last political statement regarding the â€Å"Jewish Question.† He proclaimed the Jews were a Jews altogether (Wistrish, R., 2003). Hitler had three long- term idealistic goals he would share with audiences as he spoke about Nationalism and the econo... ...s and sent an order for the traitors to be imprisoned. Before the Allied troops arrived, Nazi soldiers removed many Jews from the death camps in an effort to kill as many more refugees as they could (Rubenstein, W., 1999). Through the course of history, the Jewish people have been mistreated, condemned, robbed, even put to death because of their religion. In the Middle Ages, they were forced to wear symbols on their clothing, identifying them as Jews. The dates 1933 to 1945 marked the period of the deadly Holocaust in which many atrocities were committed against the Jewish people and minority groups not of Aryan descent. Six million innocent Jews were exterminated because of Hitler’s â€Å"Final Solution.† This paper exhibited how Adolf Hitler used the three anti-Jewish policies written in history, conversion, expulsion, and annihilation to his advantage.

Reparations: African Americans Justice Essay

The United States government should pay reparations to African Americans as a means of admitting their wrong-doing and making amends. The damages African Americans have sustained from White America’s policy of slavery have been agonizing and inhumane. Therefore, I am in favor of reparations for African Americans. The effect of slavery has been an enduring issue within the African American community. Many of us are cognizant of the harm racism brought to the African American race, conveyed through slavery, racial segregation and discrimination. African Americans suffered many atrocities, but the greatest damage done to them was the destruction of they’re original identity. African Americans no longer have a native language or any African customs to connect them to Africa. Today, African Americans are connected together because they all share a common foundation-the horrendous experience of slavery-and the great effort to conquer its lingering result. (www. AcedemicLibrary. com) Americans should realize the magnitude of slavery’s consequences on African Americans as a whole. Blacks were brainwashed and stripped of self-esteem and taught to be ashamed of dark color of their skin. Many African Americans have effortlessly tried to advocate â€Å"Black Pride†, trying to re-instill self-worth and being proud of our distinct facial and body features, and darker complexions. African Americans had zilch to begin with after the abolishment of slavery in 1865. Slaves were promised a â€Å"mule/ and 40 acres† and they didn’t live to receive it nor did generations to follow; because the American government has yet to live up to its word. The fruit of the slaves’ labor was stolen from the â€Å"land of the free†. The victims of the White people’s African slave trade never experienced such freedom. This race deserves compensation for the mistreatment Pongee Bryant it has suffered and continues to endure. Paying reparations to the descendants of African American slaves would bring about a tremendous improvement for the advancement of Black America. (Douglass, Fredrick, 1845, Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass). White Americans have profited from education, life experiences, riches that were handed down by their ancestors. As well, African Americans have been handed down the hardship of race-related issues, poverty, and the unknown history of their past. African Americans have constantly been inflicted with the social status of their low-income level in contrast with that of White Americans. America should be ashamed for their mistreatment of a race that did not ask or even desire to reside in this country. Yet, they still wear their ugly face of racism, and discrimination, and only seek to segregate African Americans, as if they were at fault. Americans may argue Blacks shouldn’t be complaining, whining, and to pull themselves up by their boot straps. Well, Martin Luther King once said â€Å"White America wants us to pull ourselves up from our boot straps, but we don’t have any boots†. (Shuttlesworth, Fred, 1999, A Fire You Can’t Put Out). The U. S. government has a moral responsibility to this race of people to compensate, African American’s because they were denied their heritage, religion, family, and culture. America alleges it is a religious-based country and their faith resides in God. The bible says: â€Å"If a man steal an ox, or a sheep, and kill it, or sell it; he shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep. † This country consistently contradicts itself in the way it wants to be perceived. If America has any belief in God, they should feel an obligation to compensate the African American descendants of slave ancestors. (Exodus 22, Bible). Pongee Bryant White Americans may argue that the country did enough when it passed the Civil Rights Act in 1960. They may also state America has enough resources and equal opportunity for each individual of every race to succeed. However, there is a huge wealth gap in social status among blacks and whites mostly because of oppression, discrimination and racism toward the modern day contemporary black. Whether anybody wants to admit it, there is still a glass ceiling (i. e. ,a status barrier) against African Americans. Reparations would bring African Americans justice and economic power in this country. There are numerous black reparation organizations which could receive the money and distribute it evenly among African Americans, to incorporate black-owned businesses, home ownership, and better education selective for young and old blacks. These reparation organizations could also invest money into smaller black-owned businesses, and other industries that would further the African American race, and ensure a rapid growth of African American middle-class and beyond. (Robert J. Brym/ John Lie, Sociology) The exploitation of African Americans in this country took on many forms through decades. The centuries of slavery in this country laid the foundation of our current relationship to America. From cotton fields to building America’s most significant buildings African Americans have helped build the wealth in this country. Yet, the African American race has endured the most terrorism from the Ku Klux Klan, lynchings, plantation jails, police torture and murder, and poverty. Slavery was a crime against humanity; and it still is in existence in many other ways and forms. America has created a system with, voter discrimination, drugs, and drug sentences to keep the African Pongee Bryant American man enslaved. The government should compensate the African American race and put an end to a never-ending oppression cycle. The government of the United States of America was instrumental in having pressured the German and Japanese governments into the payments of reparations to the people who suffered and survived the crimes and legacy of slavery endured during World War II. The government of the United States has also already paid reparations to the Japanese-Americans who were detained in concentration camps during World War II. America calls herself a fair nation: a civilized country which respects civil and human rights, encourages opportunity for and well-being of all her people, and can be trusted by other nations as a county whom honors her word. Well, America promised African Americans 40 acres and a mule and didn’t live up to her promise. America’s attitude and silence on reparations reeks of hypocrisy. (X, Malcolm, Biography of Malcolm X). America should also pay reparations to African Americans because they consistently want us to labor for their work and take all the credit. For instance America is at fault for African American dead and injured men who served and were drafted in the Vietnam War. America put young black men on the front-line of a war they had nothing to do with nor helped contribute to. America wanted a race that was not yet â€Å"capable† of voting but was competent enough to fight in a war. A race that did not have the option of drinking from any fountain, sitting anywhere on a bus, using any bathroom, however we were fit for fighting. The point is America constantly benefits from African Americans, but refuses to compensate African Americans for their contributions to this country. (www. AcedemicLibrary. com).

Potential Energy Definition and Formula

Potential Energy Definition and Formula Potential energy is that energy which an object has because of its position. It is called potential energy because it has the potential to be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy. Potential energy is usually denoted by the capital letter U in equations or sometimes by PE. Potential energy may also refer other forms of stored energy, such as energy from net electrical charge, chemical bonds,  or internal stresses. Potential Energy Examples A ball resting on top of a table has potential energy. This is called gravitational potential energy because its energy the object gains from its vertical position. The more massive an object is, the greater its gravitational potential energy. A drawn bow and a compressed spring also have potential energy. This is elastic potential energy, which results from stretching or compressing an object. For elastic materials, increasing the amount of stretch raises the amount of stored energy. Springs have energy when stretched or compressed. Chemical bonds may also have potential energy, as electrons can move closer or further away from atoms. In an electrical system, potential energy is expressed as voltage. Potential Energy Equations If you lift a  mass  m  by  h  meters, its  potential energy  will be  mgh, where  g  is the acceleration due to gravity. PE mgh For a spring, potential energy is calculated based on Hookes Law, where the force is proportional to the length of stretch or compression (x) and the spring constant (k): F kx Which leads to the equation for elastic potential energy: PE 0.5kx2

Leadership Strategy at the Marine Corps

Leadership Strategy at the Marine Corps Leadership Strategy at the Marine Corps Leadership has been defined as a process of influence where by a person uses others to accomplish and direct activities within an organization, in such a way that it becomes more cohesive and coherent (Wart, 2005). Leadership can also be described as a process whereby one person influences a group of people to achieve a common objective or goal. Wart, (2005), further argues that a good manager may be associated with good aspects of coordinating, controlling and directing of assignments, but fall short of motivational and encouragement skills towards employees. I work in the Marine Corps Department whose mission is to enhance quality of life in the Territory of the United States of America by working in conjunction with the public and within the framework of the U.S Constitution to preserve peace, reduce fear, provide a safe environment and enforce laws. Evaluation is of leadership at the Marine Corps department is based upon a leaders ability to have a positive effect on the administration. An effective leader in the Marine Corps department is evaluated against three key leadership skills namely: technical skills which require a Marine Corp officer to have the ability to perform the basic marine functions; human relation skills or communication skills are used at all levels of the marine department, which require a corp to have the ability to positively interrelate with other officers and the community; and the conceptual skills which are very critical to any officer, in that all officers should have the ability to understand information r egarding Marine Corps. Burns (1978) speaks highly of ambition as a pillar in the success of a leader, irrespective of the team or size of the organization that one has take charge. It is clear that the army has a vision; this in itself is meaningless if the team leader lacked ambition. I figure a scenario where in a few months under my leadership, I will report the highest growth in satisfaction of my team members. Self confidence plays a key role in ensuring I learn very fast the areas in which I have difficulties Heller and Till (1982) describes self confidence as a fundament element that enhances one to gain knowledge and skills that are vital in making key decisions as a leader. My team members are greatly moved by the level of confidence shown when giving directions or whenever they seek any form of assistance from me. This was further replicated with my seniors they liked the way I explained my ideas and none of them would deny me support whenever I called for it. It is very important for a leader to be a person whose level intelligence is unquestionable. It is the way one makes decisions when faced with different problems that his/ her level of intelligence is assessed. As a leader, am bound to be faced with cases that call for different responses. There is no any set of solutions to problems in life, and so is in leadership (Remland, 1981). It is upon the leader to critically consider the situation at hand, internalize it and then issue a carefully reflected upon statement in response to the problem. Honesty and integrity traits are very important for any leader who expects to win trust and support of the followers. It is common for followers to try their best to assess their leaders level of honesty integrity. The easiest way they use to establish this is by assessing the leaders ability to keep his/ her word. It is very important for a leader to ensure that before making any promise to team members, he/she should establish the ability to live up to his word (Kirkpatrick Locke, 1991). This is an aspect of leadership that earned me support not only from my team members but also the support of my seniors. They knew they could always count on me to deliver on what I promised. It should however be noted that these strategies alone are not sufficient to make one proclaim himself a good leader (Trevino Brown, 2003). I came to learn that indeed there is more than these attributes in the making of a good leader. Leadership skills In addition to the characteristics of leadership, knowledge and abilities proved to be useful to establish leadership at the army. This would always depend on the situation at hand. In order to effectively apply skills, I have learnt a number of new ideas. Defining and establishing a sense of mission proved quite useful. I set goals, priorities, and standards for my team. I communicate these objectives to all of my team members and ensure that each one of them clearly understands them. One thing that gives more encouragement as a leader is the realization of the talent that I have in my camp. I accept leadership as a responsibility and not a rank. I know that it was not because I was the best that I was the leader; it was solely because among the men talented members of the team, one had to be there to give direction. This gives me the free will to work with the talented and capable members of my team without having any fear of being replaced by them. Another strategy is that, effective leadership should not be confused in any way with being clever but rather an attempt to being consistent (Peter, 2009). This comes with the realization that no matter how much I read about leadership, at the end of the day, what is most fundamental is the ability to establish direction and influence my team members to align themselves in that direction.

Current Infrastructure Bottlenecks Of Indian Aviation Industry Tourism Essays

Current Infrastructure Bottlenecks Of Indian Aviation Industry Tourism Essays Current Infrastructure Bottlenecks Of Indian Aviation Industry Tourism Essay Current Infrastructure Bottlenecks Of Indian Aviation Industry Tourism Essay Air travel is a big and turning industry in the universe as it facilitates touristry, international investing and economic growing and therefore helps in globalisation in many states. Travel for concern and leisure has increased well in last few old ages, except at the clip of recession. Exhibit Business travel has increased due to the unfastened economic system of many developing states which consequences in smooth entry and issue of the companies in footings of their trading policy, clients, investings and supply and production ironss. Developing states besides realized the importance of touristry which brings-in more foreign currency in their economic system and which helps in developing resorts and substructure to pull international tourers thereby increasing the figure of air travelers ( Standford University web site, 2000 ) . The planetary air power industry is expected to turn at a Compounded Annual Growth Rate ( CAGR ) of 5.6 % in the period of 2004-2024. It is forecasted that the major conventional matured air hose markets like US and Europe will hold market portion of 52 % in 2025. Exhibit shows the air traffic distribution all over the universe. At present it is chiefly shared by US, Europe and Asia Pacific states. Exhibit shows the jutting growing rate of these Asia Pacific parts in the period of 2006 to 2025. Therefore, the future growing of air hose industry lies in this Asia Pacific part chiefly China and India. ( LLC, 2007 ) Aviation Industry in Asia Pacific In the approaching old ages, this part is forecasted to be the highest turning part in the universe air power industry. ( Exhibit- sh ows the forecasted informations till 2029 ) . The dynamic nature of economic system is the cardinal factor in this market. The cardinal indexs for the growing of this industry are: GDP Airplane fleet Number of riders Airline traffic Cargo traffic The universe air power industry organic structure International Air Transport Association ( IATA ) had said that bearers in the Asia-Pacific part chiefly India and China have posted highest net incomes of $ 7.7 billion in 2010, catching air hoses in North America and Europe. Emerging markets like China and India have shown great chances for civil air power sector in the recent old ages. The volume of riders and lading has increased by around 7 % in 2010 compared to in the twelvemonth 2006. Freight traffic in Hong-Kong, one of the major lading hubs in the universe has grown by 34 % . Shorter draw winging, including domestic and international travel within the part will turn 7.1 % per twelvemonth. Air cargo growing is estimated to be 6.8 % per twelvemonth during the following 20 old ages. In order to run into the demand of turning riders and lading, the figure of aeroplanes will about triple from 4110 in 2009 to 12,200 in 2029 shown in exhibits ( ) . ( Boeing website ) Indian Aviation industry India is the 9th largest air power market and one of the fastest turning industries in the universe. It has grown by about 400 % in a short span of 6 old ages. Government s unfastened policies have allowed many abroad participants to come in in the market ensuing in growing both in footings of participants and figure of aircrafts. By now, around 75 % of the domestic market is owned by private companies. ( Aviation industry in India, 2009 ) Earlier, air travel could merely be afforded by few people and that excessively chiefly for concern intents. But now, with low menus due to increased demand and competition, figure of riders has increased drastically. The growing rate of figure of riders in India can be seen in exhibit figure. India s civil air power rider growing, at around 20 per cent, is among the highest in the universe. The sector is slated to cruise far in front of other Asiatic giants like China or even strong economic systems like France and Australia. The figure of riders who will be airborne by 2020 is a humongous 400 million harmonizing to Kapil Kaul, CEO, India and Middle East, Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation. ( Overview, Indian air power Industry, 2009 ) Noteworthy grounds for monolithic growing of the industry are- Rise in Indian economic system Liberalization of air power sector Low Cost Carrier ( LCC ) flights Government policy of 100 % equity allowance in Greenfield airdromes Low entry barriers Exponential addition in tourist figure due to open sky policy Glamour of air hoses The liberalisation has lead to the entry of private operators for concern chances in India. The air hoses choose an aircraft which is fuel efficient in order to supply low menus. More and more air hoses are looking for fuel efficient aircraft thereby, increasing the competition in the market taking to immense cut in air menus ensuing in monolithic growing of the industry. This growing has increased Indian GDP above 8 % degree. Furthermore, it has besides resulted in the addition in air traffic at a rate of 25 % in the travel section which is four times above international norm. ( Role of air power in Indian GDP ) Servicess provided by Aviation Companies Different types of services are provided by these air power companies: Normal rider scheduled flights Cargo Sevices Charter flights for pilgrims journey in India Heli-sightseeing Corporate jets Executive jets Hence there are different types of clients in the different sections both regional and international. History Indian air power industry was introduced in 1911 with Karachi-New Delhi flight. In 1932, JRD Tata foremost introduced Tata air hoses which in bend converted to Air India in 1946. In 1953, Government of India nationalized all air hose assets and formed Indian Airline Corporation for domestic air services along with Air India for international services. Until 1991, these two companies played monopoly in India. In 1991, Government of India allowed private companies to run hired and non-scheduled air hoses to elate Indian touristry, followed by allowing scheduled services in 1994. After that, major alterations have occurred in this section merely in last decennary i.e. after 2000. ( Aviation Industry in India, 2009 ) The decennary started with merely three place grown participants in the market- Air Sahara, Jet Airways and Air India. In 2003, Air Deccan came into the section and introduced low airfare bearer, doing the common adult male s dream of winging, come true. It created revolution in the industry and many more budget air hoses like Spice Jet, Go Air and Indigo followed to come in in the market in following three old ages. At this clip, Kingfisher air hose was introduced and acquired Air Deccan. At the same clip, Jet Airways bought out Air Sahara. This sudden outgrowth in the air power sector forced authorities to privatise major tube airdromes. Due to so much of denationalization, Air India started doing losingss and Government eventually merged Air India with Indian Airlines. Soon after, planetary crisis occurred and air power industry took a difficult hit. Fuel monetary values soared, air traffic dipped. No company made a net income at this clip and many were approximately to shut their services. By the terminal of November 2009, air power sector has accumulated loss of around 1.7 billion USD. ( A decennary of roars and bust-ups for the air power industry, 2010 ) Current Infrastructure of Indian Aviation Industry Civil air power forms a really of import substructure in hiking trade and commercialism. About 30 % of India s foreign trade is handled by airdromes. Key findings of current Indian air power substructure are- Presently, there are 454 airdromes and flight strips in India out of which, 16 are international and 111 are domestic airdromes. 97 Airports are operated by AAI ( Airport Authority of India ) . A Greenfield airdrome is already operational at Bangalore and one at Hyderabad is traveling to be operational shortly. Delhi s IGI Airport is concern airdrome presently managing an norm of 843 flights per twenty-four hours. Hyderabad airdrome ranked among top five airdromes of India in one-year Airport Sevice Quality ( ASQ ) Survey. It is managed by public private joint venture of GMR group, Malaysia Airport Holding Berhad and State Government of Andhra Pradesh. India presently owns 335 aircrafts which is likely to increase to 1000 by 2020. ( Overview, Indian air power Industry, 2009 ) Air Traffic In the recent old ages, the free flow of goods and services in these emerging economic systems has contributed to increased air traffic and accordingly demand for new aeroplanes related services. Exhibit-2 shows the increasing demand for aeroplanes and their carrying capacity in the following 20 old ages which indicates the hereafter job of air traffic. The demand of the figure of aeroplanes after 20 old ages is about dual as compared to the present degree. From the exhibit, it can be seen that the highest addition in the demand of the size of aeroplanes is in the class of the individual aisle aeroplanes, which means that it will take to a serious job of air traffic and the handiness of airdromes. Harmonizing to Air India, while the domestic market witnessed a growing of 22 per cent in the January-April period this twelvemonth compared to the same period last twelvemonth, its domestic traffic posted a growing of 26 per cent. ( Air India clocks 16.7 % growing in figure of riders, 2010 ) Exhibit 3 shows that there is a direct relationship of GDP of a state to the air traffic in the last four decennaries. Hence, in the underdeveloped states like India wherein GDP is expected to turn at a faster gait, the growing of air traffic is right forecasted to be enormous. Future Challenges: As India have placed the biggest order for aircrafts globally it s an indicant to the addition in the handling problems- Pushing more private participants in airdrome activities Modernization of air hoses fleet to manage the turning competition Rapid enlargement programs for the major airdromes Development of regional airdromes Airline foreign investing and liberalisation stimulates competition, provides riders more picks and lowers ticket monetary values therefore increases the demand for air travel, lending to GDP growing. Recent progresss and investings in this industry show concealed potency and its growing narrative. This growing provides hassle free service to more clients and finishs and creates more occupation chances and growing for several other air power related concerns. Current Infrastructure Bottlenecks of Indian Aviation Industry As seen from the given informations of this study, Indian air power industry is one of the fastest turning industries in the universe. Number of riders in 2009, going through air hose was 393.53 deficiencies. This figure has increased by 18.93 % to 468.09 deficiencies in 2010. This is estimated to be turning to two to three creases till 2020. While the figure of riders and demand for other services are increasing with an astonishing growing rate, the figure of airdromes, aircrafts and overall investing prognosis shows that there is traveling to be immense demand supply spread in approaching hereafter. ( Corporate News, india Infoline, 2010 ) In the 11th Five twelvemonth program ( 2007-2012 ) , the authorities noticed the increasing growing rate of air power industry and taken stairss to better overall substructure of the industry. 11th program showed a monolithic budget for puting in air power industry which is about 3 times more than old one But even after these attempts, the demand is increasing to such a degree in last 2 old ages i.e. after delicate recovery from crisis that substructure is once more going the constriction of the air power industry. ( Eleventh Five Year Plan ( 2007-2012 ) , 2007 ) Key points of current constrictions of air power industry are- Lack of aircrafts- The growing in the first-half of 2010 has been 22 per cent. However, it will non prolong and we think that about 12-15 per cent will be a sustainable 1. Indian air-carriers entire fleet-size presently stands at 335 and at a rider growing rate of 12-15 per centum yearly, they will necessitate 35-40 planes per twelvemonth to run into this demand. India will hold the highest growing in the following 20 old ages on a sustainable footing. Said Dinesh Keskar, Boeing India president. The demand prognosis boulder clay 2020 shows that there will be around 100 million for air power industry in 2020 ( Aviation industry in India, 2009 ) . That means India s air power substructure must be adequate to manage 100 million clients in 2020, which is about 20 times the present 1. The growing rate in air power substructure is far less than required and it does nt look to be carry throughing demand in 2020. And even at present, there is less figure of aircrafts and airdromes. So thi s issue, if non handled decently, will hold a snowball consequence on the industry and traveling to be a major issue in approaching old ages. Lack of skilled manpower- Skilled work force helps proper control and back-up to several schedule/ non-schedule operations. There is a deficit of skilled work force and Air Traffic Controllers ( ATC ) in air power industry, which in bend, leads to a cut-throat competition for employees as a effect of which, rewards rises to an unsustainable degree. It once more hampers the growing of the industry by increasing overall costs of the air hoses and therefore cut downing demand. Another issue of concern of unequal work force is that unskilled or semi-skilled employees are non capable of managing demand expeditiously. This issue besides creates a constriction in the industry. Overall we can state that in approaching old ages, this is traveling to be a large concern for air power industry and will halter growing to a major extent. ( Indian Aviation Industry: Issues A ; Challenges ) Lack of Airports and other related facilities- Due to less figure of airdromes and their single capacities, congestion costs are increasing. Many flights get delayed due to inadequate substructure installations. This in bend, increases the overall operating costs of air hoses ensuing in fewer net incomes particularly for low cost bearers ( LCC ) air hoses. This forces air hoses to increase their menu which is damaging to growing of the industry as increase in menus leads to decrease in demand. Besides, regional connectivity is a large issue in haltering growing of the industry as more and more metropoliss are developing in footings of concern and investings. For illustration, Bhopal, capital of Madhya Pradesh, has a limited airdrome capacity and flights are available merely for Delhi and Mumbai. Other installations at airdromes, like eating houses, besides have limited capacities as compared to demand. Recommendations: Efficient direction of this Airport substructure can be achieved by increasing engagement of private sector Proper coordination with other manners of conveyance for trade and travel should be emphasized Proper universe category substructure need to be done in order to keep the turning demand and guaranting maximal use of available capacities. The development and execution of the modernisation of Air traffic direction will increase system capacity ; lower operating costs for the air power companies, reduces fuel burn, and improves the rider s experience as holds and cancellations are reduced. Due to the deficiency of substructure betterments, capacity restraints will impede industry growing. Giovanni Bisignani, Director General and CEO of the International Air Transport Association ( IATA ) , has called on India to give way to the attempts in determining future air power policies, including environment and commercial freedoms. In a few old ages, Asia Pacific will be the largest individual air power market. India is a cardinal driver of that growing. India s tremendous size makes it an of import market. ( Overview, Indian air power Industry, 2009 ) The Road Ahead Government Actions: A jutting investing of $ 8.5 billion is planned in 11th program for the development of Indian airdromes. Another Greenfield airdrome is planned at Navi Mumbai by public private partnership. Over the following five old ages, Airport Authority of India has planned a monolithic investing of US $ 3.07 billion 43 per cent of which will be for the three tube airdromes in Kolkata, Chennai and Trivandrum, and the remainder will travel into upgrading other non-metro airdromes and modernizing the bing aeronautical installations. The demand for corporate jets in India has gone up well in the past few old ages and is likely to turn double by the terminal of 2011. To further fuel the quickly turning private jet industry, the authorities has programs of developing over 300 excess flight strips in the state. The work will be carried out in a phased mode subsequent to the enlargement and development of 35 non-metro airdromes by 2010. The authorities programs to concentrate on flight strips near major metropoliss in order to alleviate major airdromes from their burgeoning traffic. Additionally, the authorities is besides sing a new policy to allow private flight strips in the state. The Indian civil air power curate, Praful Patel has said that India will necessitate around 300 to 400 private jets in the following three to five old ages. The demand for private jets can even see a growing rate of about 50 per cent on a year-to-year footing. A sum sum of $ 110 billion has been planned to be invested till 2020, out of which $ 80 billion is for adding new aircraft. The air power ministry is be aftering to put the staying $ 30 billion for overhauling the bing airdromes in order to manage the turning figure of riders every twelvemonth. ( Overview, Indian air power Industry, 2009 ) Exhibit 1: Growth of air power industry part wise and its steps hypertext transfer protocol: //www.boeing.com/commercial/cmo/images/cmo_overview_chart3_lrg.gif Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.boeing.com/commercial/cmo/images/cmo_overview_chart3_lrg.gif Exhibit 2: Demand of Airplanes by type ( Worldwide ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.boeing.com/commercial/cmo/images/cmo_overview_chart2_lrg.gif Exhibit 3: Forecasted growing and portion of fleet hypertext transfer protocol: //www.boeing.com/commercial/cmo/images/cmo_asia_pacific_chart2_sml.gifhttp: //www.boeing.com/commercial/cmo/images/cmo_asia_pacific_chart3_sml.gif Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.boeing.com/commercial/cmo/asia-pacific.html Exhibit 4: Direct relationship between GDP of a state and the air traffic growing hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/data/images/p32.jpg Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/data/images/p32.jpg Exhibit 4: Market portion of different Indian air power companies Name of the company Market Share Jet Airways and Jet Lite ( antecedently Air Sahara ) 26.2 % Kingfisher Airlines and Kingfisher Red ( antecedently Air Deccan ) 19.1 % Anil 17.3 % NACIL 17.1 % SpiceJet 13.3 % GoAir 6.9 % Exhibit 5: Market portion of different economic system hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/data/images/p45.jpg Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/data/images/p45.jpg Exhibit 6: Forecasted Traffic volume in 2028 in footings of multiple of current volumes hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/data/images/p53b.jpg Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/data/images/p53b.jpg Exhibit 7: Forecasted traffic volume in footings of Numberss hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/data/images/p55b.jpg Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/data/images/p55b.jpg Exhibit 8: Forecasted air traffic in India web.png Mentions Retrieved from ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.investopedia.com/features/industryhandbook/airline.asp ) on 14 Jan 2011 Retrieved from ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.boeing.com/commercial/cmo/asia-pacific.html ) Retrieved from ( hypertext transfer protocol: //adg.stanford.edu/aa241/intro/airlineindustry.html ) Retrieved from ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aci.aero/aci/ACIAPAC/Download_Files/Speech_KL_Jun10.pdf ) Retrieved from ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ibef.org/download/airport_upgradation.pdf ) Retrieved from ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.boeing.com/commercial/pdf/geopolitical_trends.pdf ) Retrieved from ( hypertext transfer protocol: //ideasfirst.in/Admin/Downloads/Reports/847907347_Final % 20for % 20Company % 20Section.pdf ) Retrieved from ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.business-standard.com/india/news/leasing-market-to-fill-demand-supply-gap-in-india-boeing/104119/on ) Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.naukrihub.com/india/aviation/overview/challenges/

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Catholic School 2000 - Essay Example he Catholic school to develop in the school community an atmosphere animated by a spirit of liberty and charity based on the Gospel.† (Flynn & Mok, 2000, p. 21) This formally states that Catholic schools must enrich the student lives in a religious as well as academic capacity. The authors go on to quote from several other documents, most of which have the same intention regarding the leadership role that Catholic schools must take in their educational focus of religious faith. They also cite a passage from the a statement from the Australian Bishops’ Conference published in 1975: The present document is offered as a contribution to the process by which the people of God in the Australian Church will search for the most authentic way to live the faith and the most effective means of passing it on to future generations. (Flynn & Mok, 2000, p. 22) The second part of their article focuses on more recent documents further defining and delineating the role of the Catholic School, this is titled, â€Å"The Catholic School on the Threshold of the Third Millennium.† (Flynn & Mok, 2000, p. 23) In general these more recent documents slightly softened the role of religion and represent the schools as part of the cultural inheritance of society as well. For instance in the Church document, ‘Lay Catholics in Schools: Witnesses to Faith’ (1982), the mission of Catholic schools is clear that they are to add to the culture around them and not dictate religious fervour. While still focusing on the gospels, â€Å"It strives to relate all human culture to the good news of salvation.† (Flynn & Mok, 2000, p. 23) Mission is an apt conceptualisation of the Catholic schools leadership roles, they are most akin to missionaries with an evangelical purpose to help and to serve the community as well as to open them to their faith. As stated it is an integration or synthesis of culture and faith. (Flynn & Mok, 2000, p. 26) The third part of their article, ‘Australian Catholic

Cell Phone Use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cell Phone Use - Essay Example During the early periods, cell phones were considered as a luxury and only the business class was able to tolerate its expenses. Today, almost every individual coming from different classes use cellular phones during their everyday life. These devices are utilized by individuals in various aspects of their everyday life; these devices are even commonly used while people are moving from one place to another. A huge population of drivers have reported using cell phones while they are driving. Increase in number of people using phones while travelling have resulted in several road accidents and have not only led to damage to assets but have even resulted in several deaths. These incidents have made policy makers stand against the use of cellular phones while driving and these concerns have been addressed through restrictions through rules and regulations. Jurisdictions that have not yet levied such bans are even debating over banning the use of cell phones while driving. This paper will argue on why the use of cell phone should be banned or restricted during driving and what measures are already in place to control this act. Body There have been various changes in trends on who uses cell phone devices and for what purposes, they are using these devices. According to Cain and Burris, the number of people using these devices for family business elevated from 40% to 61% during the era of 1990 and 1998 (Cain, 1999). The NHTSA reports that the 15% of individuals who have not graduated from high school, 26% of individuals who have graduated from high school 30% of those who have not yet completed collage and 40% of those who are collage pass outs are cell phone users (NHTSA, 1997). A common application of the use of this device is during driving a vehicle. The NHTSA and Cain and Burris reported that around 90% of the owners of mobile phone use the device during driving. The PCIA have reported that those who use mobile phones for over 1 hour per month account for 15% of the owners of this device, those who use it less than one hour but more than half an hour account for 15% of owners, those who use it between ten to thirty minutes account for 20% o the owners and those who use it more than one minute but less than 10 minutes account for 39% of the owners (PCIA, 1999). An accident can result not only in loss of property; it even results in loss of life. When an accident takes place, the people involved directly in the accident can experience hurt at the level of getting minor injuries to the extent of losing their lives. Accidents can lead to heavy damages to very expensive vehicles, along with the incident of damaging public assets. Other expenses or negative impacts of an accident include; loss of working hours, insurance cost, legal costs and huge health care bills. In case of an accident taking place in urban regions, huge traffic jams take place due to which the emergency service providers may not be able to respond in a timely manner and people end up losing their lives. The negative effects of a collision caused due to usage of hand held phones during driving have increased the concerns of policy makers, organizations and insurance companies and various other stake holders. When drivers use cell phones during the act of driving, they are indulged in various activities related to the use of cell phone while driving. Drivers engage in actions such as finding the device, dialling the number, sending and receiving messages and ending the call. These activities do not only distract drivers physically but even emotionally. Drivers are emotionally distracted if they are being a part of an emotional conversation. Odgers stated that drivers are highly distracted during the

Individual project Essay Example for Free

Individual project Essay Andy Rexford has started a cottage industry in his garage for catering for the niche market. Soon that market grows and so does his business. With this fast pace growth in the business Andy has expanded his business from one stitch machine to six stitch machine in the short period of time. Recently, Andy has developed a business plan which clearly states the good future growth and lots of financing required. Andy does not have much money of his own to invest in the business, so he is looking for the external financing sources. In this report, I will be discussing the different sources of external financing along with their advantages and drawbacks, and then I will be decided which source is the best for the Andy’s business. Sources of financing: There are various sources of financing the business but the most critical aspect is to understand which sources are appropriate for that particular business and how much finances do we needed. The assessment of sources is totally judgmental. Along with the judgment, it is also dependent on how willing he is to share the information about his business and ownership with others. Sources of finances are divided into 2 broad categories: -Internal financing -External financing. Andy’s savings and income are already been exhausted in the process of growth, and he requires more financing. To help Andy to take the decision wisely I will be discussing few external financing sources. External sources: External financing includes ownership capital and non-ownership capital. These two categories are divided into other several categories. For the business like Andy’s following three non-ownership capital financing is suitable. †¢ Banks †¢ Venture investors †¢ Small business association (SBA) Banks: They are the financial institution who lends the money to the businesses and individuals and charges an amount of interest against it. They are the hardest place to find the finances as the bank does not grant the loan very easily but the time is been changing now bank has come up many different loan schemes against which people are been given loans. A bank loan is considered as most desired mode of financing. People considered it as the most desirable because it is at times very speedy if you have good credit standing in the market you can get a loan in no time. Moreover, you can use that money in various ways and accountable for none. Although there are some advantages in getting a loan from the bank but there are some disadvantages as well. Disadvantages like, some loans carry a prepayment plenty so the borrower could not pay the amount early (Scarborough, 2006). Venture investors: Venture investors are those people who wealthy individuals, corporate and formal institutions who are willing to invest in the new business and growing businesses. In return for providing the capital to the businesses, they usually require a percentage of ownership in the company along with control over the strategic direction and payment assorted fees. Private equity provides capital and access to a network that can transform a company into an industry player, Karen E. Klein noted in Business Week. But the price is high: a chunk of your business. Like every other financing source, there are some advantages and disadvantages as well. The main advantage for the start-up business is that they are not obligated to repay the money. And the involvement of the high profile businessmen can also increase the credibility of new business. The main disadvantage an entrepreneur can have from the venture investor is that they become the part owners of the business, and thus they have the rights have a say in the decisions. The business owner faces a dilution of their position as owners and possible loss of power of controlling the business (Scarborough, 2006). Small business association: Small business association is the organizations in United States formed by the government that helps the entrepreneurs to start up their business. Small business association acts as the guarantor of loans for the people who do not qualify for the commercial loans. The advantages related to the small business association are that since it’s a government formed organization to encourage the businessman, they are charging very low interest rate as in comparison to the commercial banks. SBA takes a very quick decision regarding the approvals of loans to the people. There are many advantages attached to the SBA that makes it is desirable for the businessman but there is a gloomy side of this loan as well. Since its government loan no matter what happens to your business you have to pay off this loan before any other debt. Moreover, there is more paper work required than in commercial bank. The government wants to make sure that you are truly eligible for this particular loan or not. Andy’s source of financing: Andy should opt for the bank loan as it suits to the requirements of his business. Future of his business is very bright and there is a guarantee that his business will get double the size within next two years. So giving the ownership in his business would not be advisable if he wants to have all the profit, and he can have them as the matter of fact. As for the SBA, they have very long repayment schedule though the rate is a low but 20-30 years time period does not worth for that kind of loan. Since Andy only needs $700,000, which can be repaid within 2 years because the annual profit of Andy is 750,000. He can easily pay off this loan with 2 years. Hence it is suitable for Andy to take the bank loan. Conclusion: There are various sources of finances. Some financing can be done internally while some can be borrowed from others. In the case of Andy his earning is already been consumed in the expansion of the business. So it is suggested to him that he should take the bank loan because he does not need to give the ownership to the venture investors and does not need to give whole life to pay that loan. Bank loan will be the most desirable suggestion as Andy can pay this loan payoff this loan within two years. Moreover, he does not need to give any ownership to anyone.

Wii Mote Materials And Design Methodology Information Technology Essay

Wii Mote Materials And Design Methodology Information Technology Essay The Wii is a home video game console released by Nintendo. As a seventh generation console, the Wii primarily competes with Microsofts Xbox 360 and Sonys PlayStation 3. Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others. As of March 2010, the Wii leads the generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales and in December 2009 broke the record for best-selling console in a single month in the United States. A distinguishing feature of the console is its wireless controller, the Wii Remote, which can be used as a handheld pointing device and detects movement in three dimensions. Another distinctive feature of the console is WiiConnect24, which enables it to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode. The Wii is Nintendos fifth home console, the direct successor to the Nintendo GameCube, and able to play all official GameCube games. Nintendo first spoke of the console at the 2004 press conference and later unveiled the system at the 2005. Nintendo CEO Satoru Iwata revealed a prototype of the controller at the September 2005 at Tokyo Game Show. At 2006, the console won the first of several awards. By December 8, 2006, it had completed its launch in four key markets. The company has given many reasons for this choice of name since the announcement however, the best known is: Wii sounds like we, which emphasizes that the console is for everyone. Wii can easily be remembered by people around the world, no matter what language they speak. No confusion and no need to abbreviate. NEMS (Nano Electro Mechanical Systems) is being pitched as the eventual successor to the MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) motion sensing tech used by Nintendo in Wii MotionPlus. The latest NEMS breakthrough comes courtesy of a bunch of researchers at TU Delft in The Netherlands, who have succeeded in measuring the influence of a single electron on a vibrating carbon nanotube. Wii Remote The Wii Remote is the primary  controller  for the console. It uses a combination of built in  accelerometers  and  infrared  detection to sense its position in  3D  space when pointed at the  LEDs  within the  Sensor Bar. This design allows users to control the game using physical gestures as well as traditional button presses. The controller connects to the console using  Bluetooth  and features  rumble  as well as an internal speaker. The Wii Remote can connect to expansion devices through a  proprietary  port at the base of the controller. The  Wii Motion Plus  was announced as a device that connects to the Wii Remote to supplement the accelerometer and Sensor Bar capabilities and enable actions to be rendered identically on the screen in real time. Nintendo also revealed the  Wii Vitality Sensor, a fingertip  pulse oximeter  sensor that connects through the Wii Remote.Nintendo-Wii.jpg Ultra-sensitive motion gaming The scientists, from the Kavli Institute for Nanoscience at TU Delft, have published their latest findings in the journal  Science. The experiments in the project took place in a cooled environment close to absolute zero and involved a suspended vibrating carbon nanotube, comparable to an ultra small violin string which starts to vibrate at a certain frequency as a result of a surrounding alternating electric field. The number of electrons allowed on the nanotube causes very slight changes in the vibration behavior of the tube. Thus the frequency at which the nanotube vibrates shifts very slightly each time an electron is added. The scientists have succeeded in charting the influence of the presence of just a single electron. The research is vital to the development of NEMS (Nano Electro Mechanical Systems) such as ultra small switches and measuring instruments, with applications of the technology including ultra sensitive motion controllers for games companies. Testing Accelerometer The test device is surface micromachine, force balanced three axis accelerometer with integrated CMOS circuitry. Each of the three accelerometers comprises a proof mass, proof mass suspension, capacitive pickoff mechanism, electronic servo loop, and signal digitizer. Each of the three proof masses is constrained to move in a single dimension orthogonal to the other two thus providing the input accelerations sensing along three mutually orthogonal axes, X, Y and Z. The X and Y axis accelerometers were implemented using a comb structure in which the fingers of a compliant comb are interdigital with fixed comb fingers to provide an output differential signal from the capacitive coupling between individual fingers. The Y axis comb structure is about half the mass of the X axis. The Z axis accelerometer is implemented differently with a hinged plate as a proof mass. The proof mass forms a capacitor with the ground plane polysilicon structure of the device. A fixed reference capacitor plate was designed into the Z axis channel to provide a differential output in conjunction with the moveable plate. The accelerometer die is shown below.untitled.bmp . The electrical output of an accelerometer channel is a pulse train. The acceleration sensed by the device is contained in the pulse density of the output pulses. By design an output or bias frequency is present even at zero input acceleration. The scale factor or density of output pulses per unit time per unit acceleration input is a function of the device clock frequency. Stability of the clock for the accelerometer directly affects accelerometer performance therefore maintaining good clock stability is essential for measuring accelerometer capability. Theoretical and Computational of Wiimote Accelerometer and Gyroscopic Accelerometers are manufactured using a relatively new technology called MEMS Technology also known as MicroElectroMechanical System. In the image below you can see a micro machined MEMS three axis accelerometer under a microscope. The average human hair is about 80 micrometers in diameter and you can see that this accelerometer is roughly 200 micrometers wide or three hair widths. The four maze looking parts in the corners are actually springs and as the device is moved the centre part of the accelerometer moves, expanding and compressing these springs. Meanwhile, electricity is flowing through these springs and as the springs expands or compresses the spacing changes, this in turn changes the capacitance which is an electrical property that can then be detected and outputted on the wires you see coming out of the chip. The device is quite fragile so a micro machined cover is placed over the accelerometer. Wii-Remote-4.jpg figure Figure 1: This micromechanical structure is the core of a 3 axis MEMS accelerometer. Such an open microstructure is very delicate, susceptible to degradation by dust, water, and almost any physical contact. Special tooling must be used to dice and package the chip, and hermetic packaging is required to ensure long-term reliability. Accelerometers use to pointing, senses orientation, vibration and shock. Meanwhile, it can accurately sense three axes of acceleration: up and down, left and right, forward and backward. accelerometer02.jpg Photo 2: Motion or controller The hardware that most people do not realize that there is actually a small infrared camera on the end of the Wiimote. The camera is locate as shown in the picture below, Wii-Remote-5.jpg Photo 3: Sensor in Wiimote The sensor bar is really not a sensor but in fact two infrared LED lights. When you point the Wiimote at your TV the infrared sensitive camera picks up the lights and uses this data to determine where you are pointing the Wiimote, rather than using the accelerometers. The reason for this is because accelerometers are good at detecting motion in the X, Y, and Z directions but they cannot detect rotational acceleration (as when you rotate the remote to move the cursor around on the screen). In order to detect rotational accelerations you need what is called a gyroscope (also based on MEMS technology). Gyroscopes are devices that measures or maintain an orientation of an object using the principle of angular momentum. Unfortunately gyroscopes are pretty expensive so engineers at Nintendo came up with the sensor bar idea to reduce the price of the controllers to an affordable level. Fabrication of Wiimote The  Wii Remote  is the Wiis main input device. It is a wireless device, using standard bluetooth technology to communicate with the Wii. It is built around a  Broadcom BCM2042  bluetooth System-on-a-chip, and contains multiple peripherals that provide data to it, as well as an expansion port for external add-ons. C:Documents and SettingswangMy DocumentsDownloadsWiimote WiiBrew_files200px-Wii_Remote_Broadcom.jpg Broadcom BCM2042 The Wii remote uses the standard bluetooth HID protocol to communicate with the host, which is directly based upon the  USB HID  standard. As such, it will appear as a standard input device to any bluetooth host. However, the Wii Remote does not make use of the standard data types and HID descriptor, and only describes its report format length, leaving the actual content undefined, which makes it useless with standard HID drivers. The Wii Remote actually uses a fairly complex set of operations, transmitted through HID Output reports, and returns a number of different data packets through its Input reports, which contain the data from its peripherals. Memory and Registers The Wii Remote includes a built-in  EEPROM memory, part of which is accessible to the user to store that. This user part is used to store calibration constants, as well as the Mii Data. Additionally, many peripherals on the Wii Remote have  registers  which are accessible through a portion of the address space. EEPROM memory There is a 128kbit EEPROM chip in the Wii Remote. Parts of its contents include code for the built in microcontroller, and a generic section which can be freely read and written by the host. This section is 0x1700 bytes long, and part of this memory is used to store the  Mii Data. It can be accessed by reading or writing to addresses 0x0000-0x16FF in the Wii Remotes virtual memory space, in the actual EEPROM chip, the data is located at 0x0070-0x176F. C:Documents and SettingswangMy DocumentsDownloadsWiimote WiiBrew_files180px-Wii_Remote_Flash.jpg EEPROM chip The  BCM2042  microcontroller built into the Wii Remote includes a large 108kb on-chip ROM section for storing firmware. If the EEPROM chip really contains code for the BCM2042 then this was probably done to make firmware updates possible, so there might be a way of accessing the other parts of the EEPROM via bluetooth as well. Input Features The Wii Remote has two input features that are controlled directly by the broadcom chip, a  Three Axis Accelerometer  and 11  Buttons. Additionally, it has an  IR camera  with an object tracking processor, and an expansion port that allows for external input features such as those contained in the nunchuk and the classic controller. Accelerometer The Wii Remote includes a three axis linear accelerometer located on the top suface of the circuit board, slightly left of the large A button. The integrated circuit is the  ADXL330, manufactured by Analog Devices. This device is physically rated to measure accelerations over a range of at least +/- 3g with 10% sensitivity. Since the accelerometer is measures the force exerted by a set of small proof masses inside of it with respect to its enclosure, the accelerometer measures linear acceleration in a free fall frame of reference. If the Wii remote is in free fall, it will report zero acceleration. At rest, it will report an upward acceleration (+Z, when horizontal) equal to the acceleration due to gravity, g (approximately 9.8 m/s ²) but in the opposite direction. This fact can be used to derive tilt from the acceleration outputs when the Wii Remote is reasonably still. C:Documents and SettingswangMy DocumentsDownloadsWiimote WiiBrew_files200px-Wii-Remote-Accel.jpg ADXL330 Accelerometer Buttons The Wii Remote has 11 buttons on its front face, and one trigger style button on the back. Of these, the Power button is special and is treated differently by the Wii Remote. All the other buttons are independently accessible through a two byte bitmask which is transmitted first in most Input reports. A button will report a 1 bit if pressed or a 0 bit otherwise. IR Camera The Wii Remote includes a 12896 monochrome camera with built in image processing. The camera looks through an infrared pass filter in the remotes plastic casing. The cameras built in image processing is capable of tracking up to 4 moving objects, and these data are the only data available to the host. Raw pixel data is not available to the host, so the camera cannot be used to take a conventional picture. The built in processor uses 8x subpixel analysis to provide 1024768 resolutions for the tracked points. The sensor bar that comes with the Wii includes two IR LED clusters at each end, which are tracked by the Wii Remote to provide pointing information. The distance between the centers of the LED clusters is 20 cm . C:Documents and SettingswangMy DocumentsDownloadsWiimote WiiBrew_files200px-Wii-Remote-Camera.jpg 12896 monochrome camera Feedback Features The Wii Remote sports three feedback features which are  Player LEDs,  Rumble, and the  Speaker. Player LEDs There are four blue LEDs on the front face of the Wii remote. During discovery and before initialization, these LEDs blink at a fixed rate. The number of blinking LEDs is proportional to the battery voltage, indicating battery charge. During game play with the Wii, one LED is lit to indicate the player number assigned to the Wii remote. However, the LEDs are independently controllable by the host, and can be set to display any pattern. They can also be modulated at a moderately high speed, enabling some brightness control at the cost of a lot of bluetooth bandwidth. Sigma delta modulation works reasonably well for this. C:Documents and SettingswangMy DocumentsDownloadsWiimote WiiBrew_files200px-Wii-Remote-LEDs.jpg Wii Remote Player LEDs Speaker The Wii Remote has a small low-quality 21mm piezo-electric speaker, used for short sound effects during gameplay. The sound is streamed directly from the host, and the speaker has some adjustable parameters. The speaker is controlled by using three output reports, together with a section of the register address space of the Wii Remote. Rumble The Wii remote includes a rumble feature, which is implemented as a small motor attached to an off center weight. It will cause the controller to vibrate when activated. The rumble motor can be turned on or off through any of the output reports. Setting the LSB (bit 0) of the first byte of any output report will activate the rumble motor, and unsetting it will deactivate it. However, this will also have the side effect of turning off all LEDs. Since there is no output report that only affects the rumble motor, and all of them do affect it, an implementation might need to store both the rumble and LED values locally and use the same Output Report for both. Another possibility would be using the status request report (0x15). The rumble bit needs to be set properly with every single report sent, to avoid inadvertently turning the rumble motor off. C:Documents and SettingswangMy DocumentsDownloadsWiimote WiiBrew_files200px-Wii_Remote_Rumble.jpg Wii Remote Rumble Wii Mote Materials and Design Methodology One of the main features of Wii mote is its motion sensing capabilities, which allow the user to interact with and manipulate items on the screen via gesture recognition and pointing with the help of a few sensors materials which are optical sensors technology and MEMS sensors technology. By using MEMS Accelerometer, it able to provide three axis motion signal processing, the accelerometer is used to sense motion of the user in three dimensions of freedom, which are forward backward, left right, and up down, when the Wii mote is picked up and manipulated, it provides a quick element of interaction, sensing motion, depth and positioning dictated by the acceleration of the Wii-mote itself. Besides the accelerometer, there is another MEMS sensor used in Wii mote is the MEMS Gyroscope used to detect rotational accelerations which combined with accelerometer and result out highly accurate representation of the Wii mote in three dimension space, which allow real 1:1 three dimension control. A gyroscope is a basic inertial sensor, which can measure an external angular rate. The MEMS gyroscope is an inertial angular rate sensor fabricated using MEMS technology. When an external angular rate is applied to the MEMS gyroscope, the proof mass vibrating at resonant frequency is forced to vibrate in orthogonal direction due to the Coriolis force. The angular rate can be estimated by measuring the amplitude of the orthogonal oscillation. The Wii mote is a breakthrough design remote control unlike the traditional gamepad controllers of the previous consoles as Wii mote design for single handed remote controller. This was done to make motion sensitivity more intuitive, as a remote design is fitted perfectly for pointing, and in part to help the console appeal to a broader audience that includes non-gamers. The body of the Wii mote measures 148 mm (5.83 in) long, 36.2 mm (1.43 in) wide, and 30.8 mm (1.21 in) thick. The Wii mote model number is RVL-003, a reference to the project codename Revolution. The controller communicates wirelessly with the console via short range bluetooth radio, with which it is possible to operate up to four controllers as far as 10 meters away from the console. However, to utilize pointer functionality, the Wii mote must be used within five meters (approx. 16 ft) of the Sensor Bar. The controllers symmetrical design allows it to be used in either hand. Wii mote design used the Analog Devicess model ADXL330 MEMS accelerometer sensor in it, as Mr Genyo Takeda, Senior Managing Director/General Manager, Integrated Research Development Division, Nintendo Co., Ltd. Said We selected the ADXL330 because its accuracy, small size, and extremely low power consumption were critical to the Wii Consoles design objectives and key for a wireless controller that will revolutionize the gaming industry. Nintendo relied on their experience with Analog Devices iMEMS Motion Signal Processingà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ technology. Mr Genyo Takeda also mention that For the industrys first mainstream game controller using MEMS acceleration sensors, we turned to Analog Devices, an industry leader whose acceleration sensors are used by Nintendo The ADXL330 three axis accelerometer sensors is a small, thin, low power, complete 3 axis accelerometer with signal conditioned voltage outputs, all on a single monolithic IC. The product measures acceleration with a minimum full scale range of  ±3g. It can measure the static acceleration of gravity in tilt sensing applications, as well as dynamic acceleration resulting from motion, shock, or vibration. The ADXL330 is available in a small, low profile, 4 mm ÃÆ'- 4 mm ÃÆ'- 1.45 mm, and 16 lead.16 pin 01.jpg untitled.bmp Figure 1 Functional Block Diagram of ADXL330 The ADXL330 provided three sense axes in a 4 mm ÃÆ'- 4 mm ÃÆ'- 1.45 mm LFCSP package. An X-ray of the ADXL330 package, which contains a single integrated chip, is presented in Figure 2. Figure 3 shows that the ADX330 MEMS sensor was fabricated as a single chip, with the MEMS structure in the centre of the die, beneath a hermetic cap, and the ASIC circuitry around the outside edge. The ASIC circuitry uses a single metal, single poly 3  µm BiCMOS process, while the MEMS is fabricated using three layers of polysilicon, with the top 4  µm thick poly 3 being used to form the MEMS structures, as shown in Figure 4. Figure 5 show the ADXL330 Die. http://www.memsindustrygroup.org/images/newsletter/Oct2009/fig1ADXL330_x-rays_side.jpg Figure 2 ADXL330 Package X-Ray http://www.memsindustrygroup.org/images/newsletter/Oct2009/fig3209_caps_tilt.jpghttp://www.memsindustrygroup.org/images/newsletter/Oct2009/fig21_overview.jpg Figure 3 Decapsulated ADXL330 Chip Figure 4 ADXL330 MEMS Structures DIE.jpg Figure 5 ADXL330 MEMS Die Wii mote design also used inven sense IDG-650 Integrated dual axis MEMS Gyroscope sensor to enhance its response accuracy.   The accelerometer is only capable of measuring movement velocity along the X, Y, and Z axis only linear acceleration without rotation. The problem is that acceleration due to gravity can easily be confused with linear motion when using the device. And though the accelerometer can track gravity, it cannot measure horizontal rotation. This results in a jittery representation of the interpreted data which, when combined with subtle hand movements, makes for an oft-inaccurate picture of what is going on with the remote. Gyroscopes, on the other hand, measure rotation directly. These sensors are very responsive and do not amplify hand jitter, but cannot respond to the linear movement that accelerometers specialize in. When a gyroscope and an accelerometer are combined, the pair of sensors affords the ability for highly accurate representation of the control device in three dimensional spaces.  Mr Genyo Takeda, General Manager of Nintendos Integrated research and development Division said Nintendo selected the IDG-650 for its ability to measure large dynamic motions, high shock resistance, and accuracy for sensing the fast moving arm and hand motions required to support exciting new game titles. The IDG-650 is the worlds first integrated dual axis MEMS rate gyroscope designed for high performance game controllers and A/V remote controllers which require wide dynamic range motion processing, high impact shock resistance and low cost. An innovative vibrating dual mass in plane sensing configuration senses the rate of rotation about the X and Y axis, resulting in a highly integrated dual axis gyro with guaranteed by design vibration rejection and high cross axis isolation. The IDG 650 also includes an integrated AutoZero feature for minimizing bias drift over temperature. D1650.jpg Figure 6 A diagram of the IDG-650, the InvenSense chip on Wii-mote Aspects of Accelerometer and Gyroscopic Accelerometer are utilized in the field of various engineering application such as automotive industry, robot system, electronics appliances and toys due to their small size, low prize and high performance. Meanwhile it can include a sensor to sense the movement and proof mass. The electric capacity type accelerometer can have an advantage in require less power and space and it have high sensitivity. Of course it also have it weakness which is they are affected by electromagnetic interference and parasitic of electromagnetic. Gyroscopic are use to control apparatus and systems. It can produce torque that will influences behavior of an object. One of the advantages is in connection with controlling the attitude of satellites or vehicles operating in outer space. However, there have a weakness it may encounter which is due to the presence of undesired counter-acting torques resulting when gyroscopic attempts to produce torque Process Integration Simulation What is process integration? Process Integration has the objective of the design and optimization of integrated chemical manufacturing systems.   Process Integration starts with the selection of a series of processing steps and there interconnection to form a manufacturing system to transform raw materials into desired products. Simulation  is the imitation of some real thing, state of affairs, or process. The act of simulating something generally entails representing certain key characteristics or behaviours of a selected physical or abstract system. Process Integration of NMEMS  Accelerometer MEMS technology and the drive for cost reductions continue to evolve. Examples of cost reduction include die size reduction, yield improvement, and integration. The accelerometer contains an interface IC and transducer die packaged in a Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC) 16 lead package. The g-cell transducer is constructed using surface micromachining techniques. The signal conditioning of the accelerometer channel begins with a capacitance-to-voltage conversion followed by a 2 stage switched capacitor amplifier. The 2 stage amplifier has adjustable offset and gain trimming. The accelerometer device has a 4 pole, low-pass, switched capacitor Bessel filter with options for a cut-off frequency of 400 to 700 Hz. The output of the filter is amplified by the output stage, which buffers the signal to the external Vout pin and contains the temperature compensation for sensitivity. The EPROM trim state is valid from 4.4 to 5.5 V with 4.75 to 5.25 V considered the normal operation range for VDD. A self-test voltage can be applied to the electrostatic deflection plate in the transducer resulting in a known output. The product has several fault checks for low voltage detection (LVD), clock and/or bias monitoring, and a check of the stored even parity of the EPROM trim register. Process Integration of NMEMS Gyroscopic Companies like InvenSense of Santa Clara have devoted themselves entirely to fabricating dual-axis gyroscopes that integrate with handheld devices. InvenSense is working with their patented manufacturing system, to integrate two very low-cost X-axis and Y-axis MEMS gyroscopes  in order to not only simplify but also reduce costs associated with the production process typically needed for gyroscopes of any kind. Company leaders have transferred much of their production energy to a high-output MEMS foundry that can create thousands of MEMS gyroscope sensors alongside other essential consumer electronics devices, all on the surface of a single 6-inch silicon wafer. Their research and development teams are hard at work on continually shrinking the size of this wafer as well as integrating applications and functions performed by electronics hardware so that every day one device can be used to do the work of two, thereby taking up less space on the chip and reducing the eventual size of the end product. And as we all know, if theres anything consumers typically want out of their handheld electronics, it tends to be a consistently smaller and sleeker design that still delivers an increase in functionality. They can combine these gyroscopes on a single chip, making it easier for the main electronics manufacturer to then install the technology into their devices. A single wafer bonding process utilizes existing aluminium from standard CMOS to achieve a hermetic seal on thousands of devices while simultaneously providing hundreds of thousands of electrical interconnects between the MEMS sensing electrodes and CMOS electronics (see photo).http://invensense.com/images/technology_clip_image002_0004 This creates cost and performance advantages for InvenSense versus its competition. Alternative approaches are more costly and inefficient, including the addition of a silicon cap with a glass-frit seal, residual gas getters for vacuum reliability, hermetically sealed ceramic packages, and multi-chip assembly of the MEMS and CMOS at the package level. Furthermore, additional cost advantages are derived from the simple 6-mask bulk silicon Nasiri-Fabrication process, which enables high-speed calibration and electrically integrated MEMS system-level testing. Another key enabling technological advantage for InvenSense is its patented, out-of-plane resonating structures, which are the cornerstone of a vibrating, dual-mass, tuning fork design that surpasses the competition by its ability to serve the low-cost consumer electronics market. Vibratory mass gyros are based on the transfer of energy between the two resonating modes of a structure due to Coriolis acceleration, which arises in a rotating reference frame, and is proportional to the rate of rotation. Vibratory mass gyros generally contain a pair of vibrating masses that are driven to oscillation with equal magnitude and in opposite directions. When the gyro device is rotated, the Coriolis force creates an orthogonal vibration force proportional to the rate of rotation, which is measured using capacitive sensing techniques. http://invensense.com/images/process-flow.gif Conclusion The Nintendo Wii  have revolutionized the way we know gaming but now it seems they are taking the same to the next level. Now how about a mind controlled game that Nintendo is proposing?  T3 gives a little clue that all you have is a  headset accessory  that uses brainwaves to control characters and features immersing in ear headphones. So just imagine a streamlined Wii emote with just one button, which you point and press and rest your brain takes over. Though brain-wave technology has already become a reality with Emotive pioneering in game systems, but soon it seems Nintendo will come out with the first mind-controlled console on the market.futuristic nintendo wii 2010 Future Work Future work with the WiiMote will include methods for user control via the various inputs on the WiiMote. These inputs could be used to better define a fall and allow the user to put the device into sleep mode in order to conserve batteries while sleeping or resting in a stationary position and to ensure that their inactivity is not considered as a fall. Other devices will be explored for integration with the WiiMote to provide a more robust solution by monitoring additional parameters such as heart rate, voice or sound and etc. Additionally, the threshold values in the detection algorithm will be made dynamic or adaptive in order to be more effective for different subjects with different levels of mobility. Furthermore, the calibration routine will be automated by estimating the offset value during use.